Análisis biocinemático de la marcha en pacientes con hemiplejia / Análise biocinética da marcha em pacientes com hemiplegia / Biokinematic analysis of gait in patients with hemiplegia

RESUMEN Introducción: Se realizó un análisis biocinemático de la marcha en pacientes con hemiplejia, que es la parálisis de un hemicuerpo, reconocida en el contexto de las ciencias médicas y de la cultura física terapéutica como síndrome hemipléjico. Objetivo: Consistió en determinar las modificaciones biocinemáticas que se manifiestan en la marcha de los pacientes con hemiplejia del área de salud "Pedro Díaz Coello" de Holguín. Materiales y métodos: La muestra estuvo constituida por cinco pacientes que recibieron atención sistemática en la sala de rehabilitación del área de salud del policlínico" Pedro Díaz Coello" del municipio de Holguín. Las entrevistas realizadas a personal médico y de rehabilitación física que trabaja en el área de salud, a investigadores de la Facultad de Cultura Física y Deportes de la Universidad de Holguín, la revisión de documentos normativos sobre el trabajo multidisciplinar y la observación a sesiones de rehabilitación, evidenciaron la necesidad de abordar el tema desde la biomecánica, dada la limitada cuantificación de sus indicadores. Con el objetivo de analizar del comportamiento de los indicadores biocinemáticos de la marcha patológica, se usó la técnica videográfica. Con el software Kinovea, en la versión 0.8.27, se cuantificaron los indicadores controlados. Resultados: Permitió, unido al estudio cualitativo para cada paciente, realizar una comparación de las características de su marcha con el patrón normal y elaborar un grupo de recomendaciones a considerar durante el proceso de rehabilitación física. Conclusiones: Se pudo analizar elcomportamiento de los indicadores biocinem áticos de la marcha hemipléjica en los pacientes estudiados, su comparación con la marcha normal, así como un conjunto de recomendaciones a tener en cuenta en el proceso de rehabilitación

RESUMO Introdução: Foi realizada uma análise biocinética da marcha em pacientes com hemiplegia, que é a paralisia de um hemibody, reconhecida no contexto das ciências médicas e da cultura física terapêutica como síndrome hemiplégica. Objetivo: O objetivo era determinar as modificações biocinéticas que se manifestam na marcha de pacientes com hemiplegia na área de saúde "Pedro Díaz Coello" de Holguín. Materiais e métodos: A amostra consistiu de cinco pacientes que receberam cuidados sistemáticos na sala de reabilitação da área de saúde da policlínica "Pedro Díaz Coello", no município de Holguín. As entrevistas com o pessoal médico e de reabilitação física que trabalha na área da saúde, com pesquisadores da Faculdade de Cultura Física e Esporte da Universidade de Holguín, a revisão de documentos normativos sobre trabalho multidisciplinar e a observação de sessões de reabilitação, mostraram a necessidade de abordar o tema do ponto de vista biomecânico, dada a quantificação limitada de seus indicadores. A fim de analisar o comportamento dos indicadores biocinéticos da marcha patológica, foi utilizada a técnica videográfica. Com o software Kinovea, versão 0.8.27, os indicadores controlados foram quantificados. Resultados: Permitiu, juntamente com o estudo qualitativo para cada paciente, fazer uma comparação das características de sua marcha com o padrão normal e elaborar um grupo de recomendações a serem consideradas durante o processo de reabilitação física. Conclusões: Foi possível analisar o comportamento dos indicadores biocinéticos da marcha hemiplégica nos pacientes estudados, sua comparação com a marcha normal, assim como um conjunto de recomendações a serem levadas em conta no processo de reabilitação.

ABSTRACT Introduction: A biokinematic analysis of gait was performed in patients with hemiplegia, which is the paralysis of one side of the body, recognized in the context of medical sciences and therapeutic physical culture as hemiplegic syndrome. Objective: It consisted of determining the biokinematic modifications that are manifested in the gait of patients with hemiplegia in the "Pedro Díaz Coello" health area of Holguín. Materials and methods: The sample consisted of five patients who received systematic care in the rehabilitation room of the health area of the " Pedro Díaz Coello" polyclinic in the municipality of Holguín. The interviews conducted with medical and physical rehabilitation personnel who work in the health area, with researchers from the Faculty of Physical Culture and Sports of the University of Holguín, the review of normative documents on multidisciplinary work and the observation of rehabilitation sessions, showed the need to address the issue from biomechanics, given the limited quantification of its indicators. In order to analyze the behavior of biokinematic indicators of pathological gait, the videographic technique was used. With the Kinovea software, in version 0.8.27, the controlled indicators were quantified. Results: Together with the qualitative study for each patient, it allowed a comparison of the characteristics of their gait with the normal pattern and the elaboration of a group of recommendations to be considered during the physical rehabilitation process. Conclusions: It was possible to analyze the behavior of the biokinematic indicators of hemiplegic gait in the patients studied, their comparison with normal gait, as well as a set of recommendations to be taken into account in the rehabilitation process

Surgeon point‑of‑view recording: Using a high‑definition head‑mounted video camera in the operating room.

Objective: To study the utility of a commercially available small, portable ultra‑high definition (HD) camera (GoPro Hero 4) for intraoperative recording. Methods: A head mount was used to fix the camera on the operating surgeon’s head. Due care was taken to protect the patient’s identity. The recorded video was subsequently edited and used as a teaching tool. This retrospective, noncomparative study was conducted at three tertiary eye care centers. The surgeries recorded were ptosis correction, ectropion correction, dacryocystorhinostomy, angular dermoid excision, enucleation, blepharoplasty and lid tear repair surgery (one each). The recorded videos were reviewed, edited, and checked for clarity, resolution, and reproducibility. Results: The recorded videos were found to be high quality, which allowed for zooming and visualization of the surgical anatomy clearly. Minimal distortion is a drawback that can be effectively addressed during postproduction. The camera, owing to its lightweight and small size, can be mounted on the surgeon’s head, thus offering a unique surgeon point‑of‑view. In our experience, the results were of good quality and reproducible. Conclusions: A head‑mounted ultra‑HD video recording system is a cheap, high quality, and unobtrusive technique to record surgery and can be a useful teaching tool in external facial and ophthalmic plastic surgery.

Do vídeo para o texto escrito: implicações para a análise da interação / From video to writing text: implications for the analysis of interaction / Del vídeo para el texto escrito: implicaciones para el análisis de la interacción

Discutem-se, neste estudo, processos relacionados com a transformação de imagens e sons em texto escrito, procedimento frequente em pesquisas. Ressalta-se, nesta discussão, a coexistência de perspectivas contraditórias nessa transformação. Com base na análise de uma segmentação de imagens da interação de crianças em sala de aula da educação infantil, ilustra-se, numa perspectiva de não neutralidade, como pressupostos do pesquisador orientam a transformação das imagens e sons em texto escrito. Os pressupostos atuantes neste estudo foram guiados com base nas concepções do pesquisador acerca da atividade argumentativa oral de crianças. A seletividade e a diretividade foram definições propostas pelos pesquisadores para os processos que denotaram a implicação de sua forma de conceber a atividade argumentativa, na apresentação das informações resultantes da investigação.

In this study we discuss processes related to changing images and sounds into written language. That changing is a frequent procedure in research. We highlight the coexistence of contradictory perspectives in this transformation. From the analysis of an image segmentation of the children’s interaction in the classroom from early childhood education which is illustrated in a perspective of non-neutrality, how the researcher’s assumptions directs that changing of images and sounds into written text. The assumptions approached in this study were the researcher’s conceptions about the argumentative oral activity of children. The selectivity and directivity were proposed definitions for the researchers in that processes which denote the implication of the previous researcher’s assumptions about argumentative activity, in the presentation of the consequent information of the inquiry.

Se discuten en este estudio los procesos relacionados con la transformación de imágenes y sonidos en textos escritos, procedimiento frecuente en investigaciones. Se resalta en esta discusión la coexistencia de perspectivas contradictorias en este proceso de transformación. A partir del análisis de un conjunto de imágenes de niños interactuando en una clase del curso de educación infantil se refleja, desde un punto de vista no neutral, cómo las premisas del investigador inciden en la transformación de las imágenes y sonidos en texto escrito. Los supuestos que inciden en este estudio fueron deducidos a partir de la concepción del investigador acerca de la actividad argumentativa oral de los niños. La selectividad y la directividad fueron definiciones propuestas para los procesos que demuestran la implicación de la manera de concebir la actividad argumentativa por parte del investigador, para la presentación de conclusiones de la investigación.

Three-dimensional dynamics of elbow and shoulder joint throwing motion in relation to throwing arm movement and injury in baseball / 体力科学

This study was designed to clarify the causes of throwing injuries of the elbow and shoulder joints in baseball. Five varsity-skilled baseball players without pain in the elbow and shoulder joints were subjects for this study. They were fixed to a chair and asked to throw a baseball using three different throwing arm movements (T<SUB>0</SUB>, T<SUB>45</SUB>, and T<SUB>90</SUB>) . These movements were filmed using three-dimensional DLT videography. Linked rigid-body segment inverse dynamics were then employed to determine resultant joint force and torque at the elbow and shoulder joints. Peak varus torque at the elbow joint for T<SUB>90</SUB> was less than for the other movements during the acceleration phase. In the follow-through phase, however, a large anterior shear force (70 N) at the elbow, for elbow extension, was present for T<SUB>90</SUB>. These results indicate that T<SUB>90</SUB> was a high risk movement which leads to extension injuries rather than medial tension injuries. After the ball release, a large superior shear force (118 N) at the shoulder joint was present in all movements. This superior force may result from the subacromial impingement syndrome, except for critical zones of impingement caused by the different throwing arm movements. These findings suggest that the mechanisms of throwing arm injuries are closely related to differences in throwing arm movements.

A Study on the Risk Factors of Low Back Pain in Computer Terminal Operators / 대한산업의학회지

Low back pain in computer terminal operators is a very common but important symptom. While the occupational risk factors of low back pain were approved obscurely, there have been few studies on analysis or understanding of occupational risk factors. Therefore, we studied occupational risk factors of low back pain, especially for ergonomic factors as well as general characteristics of workers. We selected 98 subjects for this study, computer terminal operators ordinary using computers in Pusan. We calculated the subjective severity of low back pain of each operator by the Low Back Pain Scoring System. The relation of low back pain score to general characteristics of worker was also analyzed. We analyzed the relationship between low back pain score and individual efforts to prevent low back pain. We measured the ergonomic factors of each computer terminal operator - Trunk Jnclination(TI), Arm Flexion(AF), Elbow Angle(EA), Head Tilting(HT), Knee Angle(KA), using of foot plate and gap between the popliteum and chair. The correlations between these ergonomic factors and low back pain score were then analyzed. And the results are as follows: 1. The prevalence rate of low back pain in computer terminal operators was 39.8% in this study, when low back pain score was converted by the low back pain scoring system. 2. According to general characteristics of workers related to low back pain, the scores were higher in the older age group, the married and the longer work carriers. (p < 0.05) 3. In the analysis of the relationship between low back pain score and individual effort to prevent low back pain, regular exercise, history of schooling for prevention of low back pain, and declaration of intention to participate in low back pain education or exercise were stastistically significant(p < 0.05). And the more severe the low back pain, the higher the intention to participate in low back pain education they had in this study. 4. In the analyses of relationships or correlations between low back pain score and each of the 7 categories of ergonomic factors, only head tilting had a weak reverse correlation with low back pain(r=-0.2999, p < 0.01). From now on, cohort studies for the risk factors of low back pain of workers, who have been forced to work in non-ergonomical positioning at the work site, will be necessary. On the background of these ergonomic studies, the occupational health profession should be required to manage ergonomic working conditions.